Pharma & Specialty Chemical Standards

Amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, is chemically known as (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (IUPAC name). Its molecular formula is C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S, with a molecular weight of 365.4 g/mol. Structurally, it features a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiazole ring, with an amino group enhancing Gram-negative activity. Amoxicillin is a broad-spectrum aminopenicillin used to treat bacterial infections. It is a white, crystalline, water-soluble powder (pKa ~2.4–2.5) with good oral bioavailability. Mechanistically, it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, disrupting peptidoglycan cross-linking and inducing cell lysis.