Pharma & Specialty Chemical Standards

Ampicillin, with IUPAC name (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, is a beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) with molecular formula C₁₆H₁₈N₃O₄S and molecular weight 349.4 g/mol. Its structure features a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiazole ring, with an amino group enhancing gram-negative activity. Therapeutically, it targets gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Physicochemically, it is water-soluble (zwitterionic) but acid-labile. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, disrupting peptidoglycan cross-linking.