Pharma & Specialty Chemical Standards

Dorzolamide, IUPAC name 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-6-hydroxy-3-(1-piperidinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-1-ium-1-ide, is a sulfonamide-derived carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Its molecular formula is C9H13Cl4N2OS, with a molecular weight of 307.09 g/mol. Structurally, it features a piperidine ring fused to a thiazine ring substituted with four chlorine atoms and a hydroxyl group. Clinically, it reduces intraocular pressure in glaucoma by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary epithelium, decreasing aqueous humor production. Physicochemically, it is a white crystalline solid with moderate water solubility (pKa ~4.5) and a melting point of ~200°C. Its mechanism involves binding to the zinc ion in the active site of carbonic anhydrase, reversibly inhibiting CO2 hydration.