Pharma & Specialty Chemical Standards

Doxorubicin (IUPAC name: (8S,10S,12R,13S,14S,16E,18E)-14-hydroxy-13-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-1,8,9,11,12,13,14,15-octahydro-8-hydroxy-6,8,11,12,13-pentamethyl-3-methylidene-1H,5H,7H,16H-benzo[f]cyclooctatetraene-2,4-dione hydrochloride) is an anthracycline antibiotic with molecular formula C27H29NO11 (molecular weight 543.52 g/mol). It features a tetracyclic aglycone core conjugated to a daunosamine sugar. Therapeutically, it treats breast, ovarian, and hematologic malignancies. It is a red crystalline solid with limited water solubility (pKa ~8.2). Mechanism of action involves DNA intercalation, topoisomerase II inhibition, and reactive oxygen species generation, inducing apoptosis.