Pharma & Specialty Chemical Standards

Emtricitabine, IUPAC name (2R,5S)-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl-1H-pyrimidin-2-one, is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with molecular formula C9H11N3O3 and molecular weight 209.09 g/mol. Structurally, it features a pyrimidine ring with a 2-hydroxyethoxy methyl group and an amino substituent. Therapeutically, it is used in combination regimens for HIV-1 and HBV treatment. It exhibits high water solubility and a pKa of ~4.5. Mechanistically, it acts as a chain terminator by competitively inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase after phosphorylation to its active triphosphate form, incorporating into viral DNA and terminating replication.