Dapagliflozin Dimer

Dapagliflozin Dimer is a dimeric byproduct formed via coupling of two dapagliflozin monomers through their hydroxymethyl groups, resulting in a bis(ether) linkage between the 1,5-naphthyridine cores. This symmetrical dimer retains the glucoside-like scaffold of the parent drug but exhibits an extended aromatic framework with enhanced steric hindrance. Its structural features include two benzene rings, two naphthalene moieties, and four hydroxyl groups positioned at the periphery. The compound arises as a synthetic impurity during API manufacturing due to coupling reactions under condensation conditions. It serves as an HPLC reference standard for quantifying dimeric impurities in dapagliflozin formulations.