Empagliflozin Dimer Impurity 1

Empagliflozin Dimer Impurity 1 arises from the head-to-tail coupling of two Empagliflozin monomers via an ester linkage between the terminal hydroxymethyl group of one unit and the carboxylic acid moiety of the adjacent unit. This dimeric structure retains the core benzene ring and pyranose-like scaffold of the parent drug but exhibits a bimolecular architecture with enhanced hydrophilicity. The compound is a critical HPLC reference standard for quantifying dimeric degradation pathways in Empagliflozin formulations under stress conditions.